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Structures / George Washington Bridge
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About this data sheet:
Structure-ID: s0000032
Created on: 10/28/98
Modified on: 08/26/10


George Washington Bridge

Hudson River Bridge
Built: 1927 - 1931
Status: in use
Location: Between Manhattan, New York, New York, USA and Fort Lee, Bergen County, New Jersey, USA
Crosses: Hudson River
George Washington Bridge
Click on the image to enlarge it.
There is a total of 28 images.
Structural Type:
Suspension bridge
gravity-anchored, deck truss, double deck
Function / usage:
Motorway bridge / freeway bridge

Persons involved with this structure
Legend: Phase of works
RoleNamePart of structure 
Chief engineer Othmar Hermann Ammann
  Charles C. Sunderland
Design engineer Allston Dana
Architect Cass Gilbert
Consulting engineer William H. Burr
  George Washington Goethals
  Leon Solomon Moisseiff
  Daniel E. Moran
Engineer of construction Mongomery B. Chase
Assistant to chief engineer Edward W. Stearns
Rehabilitation
Engineer Herb Rothman

Firms, offices, etc. involved with this structure
Legend: Phase of works
RoleNamePart of structure 
Original design Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Contractor Bethlehem Steel Co. lower deck
  McClintic-Marshall Company towers
superstructure
Cables John A. Roebling's Sons Company

Rehabilitation
Design Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Structural engineering Ammann & Whitney

Technical information
DescriptionValue
Construction materials used
cables  steel
towers  steel
deck truss  steel
Dimensions
  main span 1067 m
  length of side spans 186 m
deck   deck depth 8.8 m
  deck width 36.3 m
tower   tower height 183 m

Chronology
1932
5.5 Million vehicles use the bridge in that year.
1958- 1962
A second deck, already included in the original design, is built.
1962
20 Million vehicles use the bridge in that year.
1965
A private airplane hits the bridge. Pilot and bridge remain undamaged.
1978- 1979
Upper deck reinforced concrete roadway replaced by orthotropic steel deck.

Relevant Web Sites
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External LinkBridge Pros: George Washington Bridge English
External LinkDave Frieder: George Washington Bridge English
External LinkHAER: George Washington Bridge, Spanning Hudson River between Manhattan & Fort Lee, New York City, New York County, NY English
External LinkiCivilEngineer: George Washington Bridge English
External LinkInvention Factory: Constructing the George Washington Bridge English
External LinkInvention Factory: George Washington Bridge English
External LinkLCPC Image Gallery: George Washington Bridge French English
External LinkNYC Roads: George Washington Bridge (I-95, US 1 and US 9) English
External LinkPort Authority of New York and New Jersey: George Washington Bridge English

Relevant Literature
* Ammann, O. H.   Die innerstaatlichen Brücken zwischen New York und New Jersey [Teil 1], in "Schweizerische Bauzeitung", 14 June 1930, n. 24 v. 95 .
* Ammann, O. H.   Die innerstaatlichen Brücken zwischen New York und New Jersey [Teil 2], in "Schweizerische Bauzeitung", 21 June 1930, n. 25 v. 95 .
* Ammann, Othmar H.   General Conception and Development of Design, George Washington Bridge, in "Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers", 1933, n. 97 .
* Billington, David P.   History and Esthetics in Suspension Bridges, in "Journal of the Structural Division (ASCE)", August 1977 v. 103 .
* Billington, David P.   The Tower and the Bridge, Princeton University Press, Princeton (USA) , ISBN 069102393X, 1983; pp. 36-37, 134-138.
* Bonatz, Paul   Brücken, Karl Robert Langewiesche Verlag, Königstein im Taunus (Germany) , 1956; pp. 110.
* Brown, David J.   Bridges, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York (USA) , ISBN 002517455X, 1993; pp. 102-103.
* Brown, Jeff L.   Landmarks in American Civil Engineering History, in "Civil Engineering Magazine", November - December 2002, n. 11-12 v. 72 .
* Dana, Allston   George Washington Bridge: Design of Superstructure, in "Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers", 1933, n. 97 .
* Deswarte, Sylvie   L'architecture et les ingénieurs, Moniteur, Paris (France) , ISBN 2281190994, 1997; pp. 141.
* Doig, Jameson W.   Amman's First Bridge: A Study in Engineering, Politics and Entrepreneurial Behavior, in "Technology and Culture", July 1994, n. 3 v. 35 .
* Dupré, Judith   Bridges, Black Dog & Leventhal, New York (USA) , ISBN 1884822754, 1997; pp. 72-73.
* Dupré, Judith   Brücken, Könemann, Cologne (Germany) , ISBN 3829004095, 1998; pp. 72-73.
* Dupré, Judith   Les ponts, Könemann, Cologne (Germany) , ISBN 3829004109; pp. 72-73.
* Fasullo, Eugene J.   George Washington Bridge Redecked with Prefabricated, Prepaved Steel Panels, in "Civil Engineering Magazine", December 1977, n. 12 v. 47 .
* Graf, Bernhard   Bridges that Changed the World, Prestel, Munich (Germany) , ISBN 3791327011, 2002; pp. 88-89.
* Graf, Bernhard   Brücken, die die Welt verbinden, Prestel, Munich (Germany) , ISBN 3791327003, 2002; pp. 88-89.
* Jackson, Donald C.   Great American Bridges and Dams, John Wiley & Sons, New York (USA) , ISBN 0471143855, 1984; pp. 134-135.
* Mayrbaurl, Ronald M.   Cable anchorage repairs on New York City suspension bridges, presented at Extending the Lifespan of Structures, IABSE Symposium, San Francisco, August 1995.
* Petroski, Henry   Engineers of Dreams, Vintage Books, New York (USA) , ISBN 0679730210, 1995; pp. 266-72.
* Picon, Antoine   L'art de l'ingénieur, Éditions du Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris (France) , ISBN 2858509115, 1997; pp. 209.
* Prade, Marcel   Les grands ponts du monde: Hors d'Europe, Brissaud, Poitiers (France) , ISBN 2902170688, 1990; pp. 125-126.
* Reier, Sharon   The Bridges of New York, Dover Publications Inc., Mineola (USA) , ISBN 048641230X, 2000; pp. 90-107.
* Russell, Lisa   Ammann's masterpieces reach 75, in "Bridge Design & Engineering", 4th Quarter 2006, n. 45 v. 12 .
* Trivedi, A.   Main Cable Strand Inspection of the George Washington Bridge, in "Structural Engineering International", February 1996, n. 1 v. 6 .
* Werner, Heike   New York City für Architekten, Heike Werner Verlag, Munich (Germany) , ISBN 3980947106, 2004; pp. 226.
* Wittfoht, Hans   Buiding bridges, Beton-Verlag, Düsseldorf (Germany) , ISBN 3764001763, 1984.

 
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